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The Psychic Life of Jesus (excerpts)

Recently I purchased a reprinted edition of a 1938 book by the Spiritualist clergyman Graeme Maurice Elliott, titled The Psychic Life of Jesus. I found the book quite interesting, although dated in some respects. Especially intriguing was Elliott's interpretation of Jesus' resurrection, which he sees in strictly Spiritualist terms. Since the book is not available online, and since to the best of my knowledge the copyright has lapsed and the material is now in the public domain, I decided to reprodce a few sections of it below. I've included the entire preface and the last three chapters. This is a long post, comprising appriximately 25 pages of the book, but I think you may find it worthwhile. At the very least, Elliot provides a distinctly different perspective on "the greatest story ever told." --------

The Psychic Life of Jesus,

by the Rev. G. Maurice Elliott, author of "Spiritualism in the Old Testament"

[Dedication] To all who seriously try to understand what they read.

Preface

Jesus is reported to have said, "He that believeth on me the works that I do shall he do also, and greater works than these shall he do," and that "signs", such as the healing of the sick, would follow them that believe.

Jesus healed the sick. It was one of his "works". The Church, while professing to believe in Jesus, does not heal the sick, does not do his "works".

But, according to Jesus, if the Church "believed" the sick would be healed. He said so. The healing of the sick was to be a "sign" of "belief".

How comes it then that a Church, with the New Testament in hand, makes no attempt, as a Body, to do the works that Jesus did?

The reason is surely this: For centuries the Church has regarded Jesus as a "miraculous" person who performed "miracles". This belief has made it almost impossible for the Church to believe that Jesus really meant what he said. She admits that the disciples performed miracles of healing, and that there were "signs and wonders" in the Early Church. But she attributes these miracle-working powers either to the exceptional gifts or the exceptional faith of these early disciples, or, she regards these miracle-working powers as functioning only during the "Dispensation of 'signs and wonders'", which she would liken to the bell-ringing period prior to divine service in Church. When the service begins the bells cease to ring. When the Church is "established" the "signs and wonders" cease to be performed.

What is the truth about it all?

Harnack, Principal Cairns and Dr. Glover have given us the facts.

Harnack writes: "The Church now had its priests, its altars, its sacraments, and its Holy Book.... But it no longer possessed the spirit and the power of the spirit."

Principal Cairns writes: "And the miracles of the Spirit gradually ceased, because by compromise with the world the Church got out of touch with the pure grace of God. It no longer possessed the strong, unconventional faith of the first generation."

Dr. Glover writes: "The ministry of the Spirit, the ministry of 'gifts' was succeeded by the ministry of Office with its lower ideals of the practical and expedient."

That was it! That is it!

Miracles ceased when the Church became unworthy of them.

Miracles are unclassified phenomena. They are not unnatural. They are not supernatural. They are supernormal. Yesterday's miracles are today's natural laws. The most natural laws are spiritual laws, for Man is spirit.

Jesus came to reveal God to Man, and Man to himself.

Jesus taught men that they could be as he, and do the works that he did, if only they would think as he thought, trust as he trusted, pray as he prayed.

The Church in ascribing the miracles of Jesus to his Godhead has made a fatal mistake. She has divorced Jesus from the rest of Humanity. Had she ascribed his miracles to his perfect manhood she might then have conceived the possibility of men being able to do at least some of the works that he did.

This book is a humble attempt to show that all the so-called miracles of Jesus were performed in complete accordance with LAW -- sometimes Natural Law, sometimes Psychical Law, sometimes Spiritual Law, sometimes all three, but always in accordance with LAW.

There is much that the Church has taught men about Jesus that they cannot understand. But men are beginning to understand what Jesus taught them about themselves, about the power of thought, the power of trust, the power of prayer, and they are beginning to realize that these powers are God-given for the healing of the sick in body, mind and spirit. And they are exercising these powers; they are doing the works that Jesus did; "signs" are following them because they believe.

The Psychic Life of Jesus

Chapter 23

Rejected by the Church, denied by Peter, betrayed by Judas, deserted by all the Apostles, arrested by Church guards and temple police, Jesus was condemned, crucified and buried.

The eleven deserters hid themselves in the Upper Room for fear of the Jews. They were in the depths of despondency. They had expected Jesus to lead them in battle against the hated Romans. He had failed to them. All was now lost.

Did it ever a teacher have a more ignorant and dull-witted set of disciples? In spite of all he had told them, and all that they had seen, they did not believe that he would rise from the "dead".

Fortunately, there were two members of the Jewish Council who secretly believed in Jesus, though they feared to support him. Joseph of Arimathaea asked Pilate for the dead body. Nicodemus brought a hundred pounds of myrrh and aloes to embalm it. Otherwise the body might have been thrown in a pit or left to the vultures.

Joseph carried the body to a new tomb which he had prepared for himself. And the women from Galilee saw where the body was laid.

Very early on the Sunday -- "while it was yet dark" - Mary Magdalene hastened to the Upper Room. She had already been to the tomb, and she told the eleven deserters that the stone had been rolled away.

Then other women, Salome, Mary (mother of James the Less) and Joanna (wife of Herod's steward), who had been to the tomb, came to the Upper Room and told the disciples what they had seen. They said that the stone had been rolled away, and that the body of Jesus was not in the tomb. A "young man in a white robe" (Matthew says, "an angel") had told them that Jesus had risen. He had bidden them tell the disciples that they would see Jesus in Galilee.

To the eleven disciples this story of the women seemed sheer nonsense. They would not believe it! But Peter and John raced off to the sepulchre. John was first to reach the tomb. He glanced in and saw the bandages lying on the ground, but did not go inside.

Peter went inside the tomb and did not merely glance at the bandages. He riveted his gaze upon them. Why? what were those bandages? Coffins were not in use.

The dead body was wrapped in grave-clothes which were linen bandages -- the "winding-sheet". These were wrapped round and round from the feet up to the shoulder. The upper surface of the shoulders, the neck and the face were left bare. And a napkin was folded around the crown of the head. (It is important to know these details.)

Between each fold of the bandages myrrh and aloes were sprinkled, and Nicodemus had brought enough of these spices to cover the whole body, and the floor of the tomb as well -- which means that the bandages would be heavily laden with these unguents.

What so astonished Peter was that the bandages had not been unwrapped from the body. The body had presumably exhaled itself out of them without disturbing either them or their fastenings. Being convinced by these phenomena that Jesus had "risen" from the dead, Peter and John returned to their hiding-place, but Mary stood sobbing outside the tomb.

Now, no one who has outgrown the old idea of "miracle" can believe such a story as this unless he is familiar with the fact of dematerialisation, unless he knows that today, in London and elsewhere, not only can bodies be dematerialised, but clothes as well.

Why was the body of Jesus dematerialised? For at least two reasons:

(a) To confound his enemies. They would hear that he had risen and appeared to many, and would be unable to produce the body as evidence against the testimony, and they would be haunted by the Old Testament prophecy, "Thou wilt not suffer thy loyal one to be left in the grave" (Moffatt's translation); (b) To fulfil his own "prediction". The high priests and Pharisees gathered round Pilate and said, "We remember, sir, that when this impostor was alive he said, 'I will rise after three days.' Give orders, then, for the tomb to be sealed and guarded." And the tomb was sealed and guarded by four soldiers.

The Modernists, having given up belief in "miracle", regard the whole story as an invention by the early Church for polemical reasons. Some state quite frankly, "The body decayed in the tomb." Others think that his disciples may well have removed it.

The Report of the "Commission on Church Doctrine" admits, of course, the fact of his rising, but not the fact of the "empty tomb". It regards the story of the empty tomb as the symbol of the fact. In other words, the body of Jesus may have decayed in a natural way.

The majority (we are not told how many) of the Commission accepts the traditional explanation that Jesus rose "in his physical body from death and the tomb", but they are obliged to admit that "other explanations were suggested", and, of course, allowed.

I quite agree that, unless the body dematerialised, it must either have decayed in the tomb or been taken away.

But Spiritualists know that spirit operators can cause a body to dematerialise in a few minutes -- sometimes even in a flash. So they have no difficulty in believing the story.

Mary stood sobbing outside the tomb. Then she stooped down and looked in, and saw two angels (spirit messengers) in white sitting one at the head and the other at the feet where the body of Jesus had lain.

They saw her and asked, "Woman, why are you sobbing? Who are you looking for?" She answered: "They have taken away my Master, and I do not know where they have laid him."

Turning round, she saw a man who looked like the gardener, and asked him if he had removed the body.

Why did she not recognise Jesus? Why did she mistake him for the gardener?

The Christian scholar who is not also a Spiritualist can give no satisfactory answers to the questions. For example, one great orthodox scholar writes, "It is idle to speculate on the nature of the change in his appearance, as the subject is beyond our comprehension." Not very enlightening, is it?

To the multitudes of thinking persons the whole subject is "beyond their comprehension". They therefore either remain agnostic, or they accept the Modernist belief that "the body decayed in the tomb, or had been removed," and that the story of the "empty tomb" was invented by the early Church.

The only persons who can believe the story are the Spiritualists, and they have a reason for the faith that is in them. Their "reason" is knowledge. They know that when the "dead" materialise, their facial appearance often resembles that of the person from whom they have drawn most of the materialising power.

And if the "power" is strong, the materialised form may be as solid and substantial as the human body. But if the power is weak the materialised form is far less substantial.

Jesus evidently drew from the gardener "power" to materialise and show himself to Mary. He "resembled" the gardener. But he was able to produce a voice which so resembled his own that when he said "Mary" she at once recognised him.

Now, seriously-minded persons ask serious questions for serious reasons. And one of the many questions I would like to ask the Traditionalists is this: If Jesus rose from the tomb in his original physical body, where did he obtain clothes? He did not even take the linen cloths with him!

What clothes was he wearing when Mary mistook him for the gardener? Where did he get them from? "Beyond our comprehension!" say the Traditionalists. Exactly! But not beyond the comprehension of Spiritualists.

Why not? Because they have seen clothes materialise as well as bodies. So that part of the Resurrection story does not worry them.

"Do not cling to me!" said Jesus to Mary. Why not? If Jesus had risen in his physical body, surely he would have encouraged Mary to hold him firmly and to report the fact to his disciples. What better evidence!

But it was not his physical body. That had been dematerialised. It was a weak materialisation built up with the aid of "power" drawn mainly from the gardener. Jesus knew, as Spiritualists know, that a weak materialisation may at any moment fall to pieces. So he begged Mary, for her own sake, not to cling to him.

How do the orthodox commentators explained the words, "Do not cling to me"?

The latest Commentary on the New Testament tells us that "the meaning is twofold:

(a) Do not hold me back from My passage to the Father, when I can send the Spirit, nor delay to carry out your proper task. Each has higher work to do.

(b) Do not cling to Me, as if things were to be as when I was on earth; I go to My Father, and the approach to Me must be spiritual worship."

Poor Mary! Why did the loving Jesus exasperate her sorrow in this inhuman way? But, of course, he didn't; it is unthinkable.

When Jesus said, "I am not yet ascended to my Father" he meant that Mary must not be too disappointed at his not wishing her to cling to him because there would be other occasions when she could. It is as if he had said to her (with an assuring smile of love), "I don't want you to cling to me just now. I have not yet gone away, have I?" The important word to Mary was "yet".

And that little word spoken with a smile of love would have told her that there would be other opportunities of showing her devotion to him; "I am not yet ascended." He remained on earth for forty days.

We are told that if everything that Jesus said and did were to be written down in detail the world itself could not hold the written records. And, surely, one of the things that he did was to fulfill his promise to Mary!

Chapter 24

Jesus said to Mary, "Touch me not." A few minutes later, "other women" fell at his feet and "clasped" them. The Greek says "seized hold of his feet". But Jesus did not say to them, "Touch me not." Why was that?

The materialised body in which he was manifesting was evidently now stronger, more substantial than when Mary sought to "touch" him. The "conditions" were better. There was more "power". There were more persons from whom power could be drawn. The materialisation was more complete. The women "recognised" him. Mary did not.

Spiritualists will be interested to read that these materialisations took place "while it was still dark".

Some of the soldiers who had guarded the tomb went to the high priests and "reported all that had happened". What did they report? How much had they seen?

They did not, of course, go like lambs to the slaughter and tell the high priest that, while they slept, the huge stone door had been removed, the bandages on the body unwound, fold by fold, the body stolen, and the bandages rewound, fold on fold, and left in exactly the same condition and position as before.

They must have witnessed at least some of the amazing phenomena at the sepulchre, and have told the high priests so. We read that they were in no way censured for their reprehensible neglect of duty. Instead, they were given a considerable sum of money to propagate a lie, namely, that "his disciples came by night and stole the body while we were asleep".

No lie could have been weaker in its effect, for obviously his disciples would never have preached, suffered, and "died" for their own gigantic fraud.

The fact was that the priests could not produce the body, and were at their wits' end to know what to do and say.

Now back to the Upper Room, where the disciples were "mourning and weeping". Mary had just burst in with the news, "I have seen the Lord. He has spoken to me. He called me by my name, 'Mary'." But the disciples did not believe her.

Then came the "other women" and told how they too had seen Jesus and clasped his feet. But "their words seemed as idle tales, and they believed them not."

I conjecture that it was at this time that Peter felt compelled to reveal his secret. He too had seen Jesus, and he could not bear to hear his fellow-apostles ridicule the testimony of the women. So he frankly confessed that he too had seen Jesus alive from the "dead".

When had he seen him? We are not told. What did Jesus say to him? Not a word is recorded. I think the interview was too sacred, too delicate, too personal for Peter to make it public. Remember, it was the first time that Peter had met Jesus since his denial. Need more be said? But his testimony convinced the unbelieving apostles.

And when, a few moments later two disciples - Cleopas and another -- came in with their wondrous story of what had happened on the road to Emmaus, they were greeted with the joyful cry, "Jesus is risen! It is a fact! He has been seen by Peter." The two disciples then told what they too had seen.

And what they had seen can only be understood by Spiritualists, as I shall show.

Here is their story: While on the road to Emmaus, they were talking together about the stupendous events of the past week when a stranger approached and journeyed with them. His appearance did not resemble that of Jesus, and they therefore did not recognise him. The materialisation was imperfect or weak.

"What are you discussing so intently?" he asked. Cleopas answered: "You must indeed be an utter stranger in Jerusalem if you do not know what has been happening there."

When they reached Emmaus it was getting dark, and they persuaded the stranger to stay at their house. And at supper he took bread, blessed it, broke it and handed it to them. They then recognised him.

The "conditions" were better indoors than "on the road". There was far less light and much more "power", and the materialised form was stronger. All this can be quite well understood by Spiritualists. Their experiences of the process of materialisation at séances have made them familiar with "conditions", "power", weak and strong materialised forms.

On the road to Emmaus the two disciples had been telling the stranger of the empty tomb, and what Peter had told them about the condition and position of the "bandages", which showed that the body had exhaled from them, and how puzzled they all were.

Jesus did not attempt to explain to them the process of "dematerialisation". He knew that a demonstration of it would be far more convincing. So at supper he just "vanished from them".

The Greek here is most interesting and might have been written by a psychic scientist. It evidently reports faithfully what the two disciples declared they saw.

It does not say "he vanished out of their sight". Nor does it say "he became invisible to them". It says "he became invisible from them", and it means that he gradually faded from them, gradually dematerialised from them.

They witnessed it, and hurried back to the Upper Room to tell the apostles -- especially Peter -- exactly what they had seen. This gave Peter the key to the problem of the undisturbed bandages, and the "humped-up" napkin.

I said that the report, in the Greek, might have been written by a psychic scientist. Well, compare it with the report of Katie King's famous demonstration of dematerialisation. She was fully "materialised" in a room sixteen feet square, and then allowed three gas-burners to be turned on to their full extent. She remained recognisable for one second only (after the light was turned on) for she immediately began to melt away until nothing of her was left and "we were left staring at the spot on which she had stood)". She "became invisible from them".

It was dark outside, and there would have been only a dim light in the Upper Room (for the disciples were in hiding) when the two entered. They at once began to tell of their amazing experience, and, while they were speaking, ("the doors being shut") Jesus materialised in their midst.

They were all (except Thomas, who was not present) terrified, imagining it was a ghost they saw. But Jesus said to them, "Why are you so afraid and unbelieving? Look at my hands and feet. See the nail prints. It is I. Feel me and see; a ghost has not flesh and bones as you see I have."

It was too good to be true. "They could not believe for sheer joy." So to calm them and convince them, Jesus asked for food, and ate some broiled fish.

"The mystery is wholly beyond our comprehension, because it is wholly beyond our experience," says one of our great commentators. But is it?

Ernest Oaten tells us in his priceless little book, "That Reminds Me", that he has seen a "materialised" spirit (a spirit is a person!) eat food, and that after the person had dematerialised there was no trace of the food.

Dr. Abraham Wallace tells us, in his "Jesus of Nazareth", that at his home circle the "dead" wife of one of the sitters materialised, "clad in robes of such snowy and dazzling whiteness as forcibly to remind us of the 'shining garments' of those other glorified spirits who, eighteen hundred years ago, stood within the sepulchre.

"She took from the table a plate of biscuits and cakes and handed them round, and 'did eat before us' a small piece of cake, and drank some milk."

I have only given two cases of "materialised" persons who have partaken of food. There have been quite a number of such cases. And it is these modern cases which make it possible for the modern reasoning and questioning mind to believe that Jesus "ate a piece of broiled fish" when in a "materialised" body.

Once again, it is the Spiritualist who is saving the Bible and Christianity from destruction at the hands of bigoted scholars and scientists who refuse to face the facts of psychic science.

When Jesus materialised again in the Upper Room, Thomas the doubter was present. What did Jesus mean when he said to him, "You believe because you have seen me. Blessed are they who have not seen me and have believed."

He meant that the nine disciples who had believed Peter's testimony were happier than unbelieving Thomas. He meant that Thomas would have been a happier man had he but believed the testimony of ten of his most intimate and trusted companions, instead of insisting on seeing the nail-prints.

Jesus did not, of course, mean that those who had seen him were less blessed than those who had not seen him. Such an interpretation of his words plays havoc with their context, and is wholly forced and unnatural.

Jesus knew that there would have been no religion without external, objective psychical phenomena, without seeing and hearing. All religion is revelation.

Jesus knew that Israel's religion was founded on, and kept alive by, objective revelations received by those in whom the psychical faculty was developed, and who saw and heard and spoke to God's "ministering spirits".

Jesus knew that his own religion was rooted and grounded in objective manifestations, in "signs and wonders", which were seen.

And he would never have dreamed of saying that those who had not seen were more blessed than those who had seen. He was referring, as the context shows, to the nine apostles who had not seen but had believed the testimony of Peter. They had not seen, but had believed.

Thomas had seen Jesus perform "signs and wonders". He had himself performed some. So had all the apostles.

It was bad enough for the eleven apostles to disbelieve the testimony of the women. But it was far worse for Thomas to disbelieve the testimony of his ten intimate and trusted friends.

So Jesus rebuked them all -- especially Thomas. And well they deserved it!

Chapter 25

Jesus "materialised" many times after his crucifixion. Paul mentions a few of the instances: "He appeared to Peter, to the eleven, to five hundred disciples at once, to James, to all the apostles, and to me also." Luke says, "With abundant proofs he showed himself to them alive after his death."

Yes, for nearly six weeks Jesus showed himself, under different conditions, until he was satisfied that his disciples were fully and firmly convinced that he was still living.

And what a training he gave them in the various "forms" of manifestation that are possible to a discarnate person!

They had received overwhelming proof that he was alive by his "appearances" in the Upper Room at Jerusalem.

Jesus now wished them to go to Galilee, where he promised to meet them. They had been away from their homes for about six months, and Jesus had evidently told them to return to their trades as it was necessary for them to earn their living.

On one occasion in Galilee, seven of them had spent the night fishing on the lake and had caught nothing. In the dawn they saw on the shore a stranger who called out to them, "Lads, have you found any fish?" "No," they answered. So he told them to throw their net on the other side of the boat and they would find.

His words puzzled them. Their boat was 100 yards from the shore! How could this stranger know that fishes were on the other side of the boat? However, they threw the net on the other side, and could not haul it in for the mass of fish.

None of the disciples had recognised in the form or voice of the stranger that it was Jesus who had called to them.

But John, recalling the "draught of fishes" of earlier days, when Jesus was in the fishing boat, felt that the stranger must be Jesus and told Peter so.

When they had dragged their netful of fish to the land, they saw a charcoal fire burning, with fish cooking on it, and some bread.

The stranger said to them, "Bring some of the fish you have caught, and come and have breakfast." Then follows the writer's comment, "Not one of the disciples dared to ask him who he was; they knew it was the Lord." What an extraordinary sentence! Why, if he perfectly resembled Jesus in appearance and voice, should they even wish to ask who he was?

Once again, it was evidently a case of imperfect or incomplete materialisation.

The word translated "ask" in the sentence "None ... dared to ask him" means to "search out" or "examine". It is the same word as that used in the sentence, "Into whatsoever city or village ye shall enter search out who in it is worthy" and "Search out carefully the young child" (Herod to the "wise men").

It means that, although the "appearance" of the stranger did not much resemble Jesus, his disciples were convinced by this second "draught of fishes" and no doubt by the stranger's manner too, that it was their beloved leader.

I think there was also something else that helped to convince them. In the Upper Room the disciples had given Jesus a fish supper. On the shore he "returned the compliment" by preparing a fish breakfast for them. And would they not have said to one another, "Just like him, isn't it?" There was no need to cross-question him.

There was a hill in Galilee to which Jesus, when he was in the flesh, used to retire for rest and prayer. Matthew refers to it as "The hill".

The disciples went to this hill because Jesus had promised to meet them again there. And we are told that "when they saw him they bowed low before him, and some doubted." The Greek can equally well mean "and all doubted".

But why did any doubt? The eleven disciples had seen him in a perfectly materialised form in the Upper Room. Seven of them had breakfasted with him on the shore. Why should they have "doubted" on the hill? It may have been that the "materialisation" was far from perfect.

It is generally believed that this was the occasion on which Jesus "appeared to more than five hundred brethren at once". In any case, it is pretty evident that the "materialised" form did not altogether "resemble" Jesus. Hence the doubt in the disciples' minds.

To the student of psychic science, these various accounts of the post-crucifixion "materialisations" are absorbingly interesting. They confirm in detail what happens today when those on the Other Side try to show themselves in "materialised" form. Given good "conditions" and plenty of "power", the materialised form is quite solid and recognizable.

But where "conditions" are not good, the form is less solid and less recognizable. When it is dark, results are better -- as they were with the "materialisations" of Jesus. Materialisations -- ancient and modern -- are dependent upon the same immutable psychic laws.

After Jesus had manifested on the hill, the apostles returned to Jerusalem.

The final manifestation of Jesus was to his disciples on the Mount of Olives, where he was "received up into heaven" and where "a cloud received him out of their sight". The Greek says "a cloud withdrew him from their sight".

What kind of a "cloud" was it? Where is heaven? Traditionalists do not ask such questions as these. The whole of the life story of Jesus is for them miraculous and "beyond their comprehension".

But well-informed modern thinkers do ask such questions. They want to know. For today no intelligent persons believe in "miracle". No intelligent persons believe that "heaven is above the clouds".

Today no intelligent persons fear the frown of God in their search for truth. They no longer fear to "doubt". They know that "there lives more faith in honest doubt than in half the creeds". And they no longer fear to differ from bishop, priest and church. They know only too well how fallible are men and systems. They know, too, that the Bible is by no means infallible.

They know that Paul, claiming the highest inspiration -- "the word of the Lord" -- was quite wrong when he informed his readers that, before their "death", some of them would "be caught up in the clouds and meet the Lord in the air". They were not "caught up". They did not "meet the Lord in the air". The Lord was not in the air.

Today, all serious students of the Bible claim the right to question, if need be, every part of it, because their sole object is to try and understand what they read.

They therefore ask, "What kind of cloud was it that 'withdrew' the 'materialised' body in which Jesus manifested on the Mount?"

Psychic science alone can give an intelligent and satisfying answer to that question.

It tells them that at the beginning of the process of "materialisation" a luminous cloud is often seen. This "cloud" increases in size until it reaches the proportions of a man, and from it emerges, or is evolved, a materialised body.

It tells them that when the body dematerialises the process is reversed. And, as the body dissipates, the luminous cloud envelops it until, at last, the body is completely resolved into the clouds. Sometimes it is the feet which are the first to dematerialise, and this gives the impression that the body is being levitated, or beginning to float in the air. The luminous cloud grows larger and larger as the rest of the body dematerialises. This gives the impression that the body is being "withdrawn" into the "cloud".

Psychic science interprets the phenomena of the resurrection and subsequent appearances and disappearances of Jesus as clear cases of materialisation and dematerialisation. These phenomena thus become intelligible, and the Gospel story is no longer "beyond our comprehension".

Without the knowledge which psychic science has given us, the Gospel story is utterly incomprehensible, a mass of inconsistencies, and is quietly "turned down" by the vast majority of modern reasoning persons.

F.W.H. Myers wrote, "We predict that, in consequence of the new evidence, all reasonable men and women, a century hence, will believe in the Resurrection of Christ; whereas, in default of the new evidence, no reasoning man a century hence will believe it." Myers "passed on" some thirty-seven years ago. His prediction shows every sign of coming true.

My task is finished. I have done my best in these pages to show that Jesus came not only to give us a full of revelation of God, but also to give us a full of revelation of the powers inherent in ourselves. The works that he did he would have us do, and greater works.

His "signs and wonders" were part of his works. His faith in prayer and his "prayer of faith" were part of his works -- the preparatory process. And he has assured us that if we will but attend to the "preparatory process" we shall do the works that he did. "These 'signs' shall follow them that believe."

[End]

The case of the coiled cutlery

I got an interesting email from a woman who attended a spoon-bending event some years ago. With her permission, I'm reproducing it below.

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Attending a Spoon Bending

by Mary Lynn Mimouna

June 3, 2007



One day while opening a long-packed box in my home,  I came across some special silverware I had saved--a twisted fork, and a nearly rolled-up spoon.  I twisted them up myself at a spoon bending I once attended, and used to carry them around in my purse afterward to show my friends.  They made great conversation starters.

When I lived in Denver , I  occasionally attended a metaphysical church in 1991.  In March of that year, the church organized a spoon bending.  This was an activity they did two or three times a year, and I was fortunate to be able to participate--it turned out to be my one and only time.  There was a reason for this activity.  One  of the beliefs of a number of non-mainstream churches involves the healing power of God being channeled through the "laying on of hands."  A spoon bending takes this same energy and channels it into a tangible result that can be seen by all.  Its religious significance is so that participants can see for themselves that this power exists, and can be harnessed to create healing in the body. 

Spoon bendings are organized in a certain way, so that participants will be able to believe for themselves what is happening.  Each person bends for themselves, as opposed to having a demonstration of one person bending, as is sometimes shown on TV.  After the bending, each participant takes with them their own bent pieces. 

Organizers of spoon bendings gather together several piles of  really heavy-duty, thick stainless steel silverware, which is the only kind used.  This is so that no one will look at it later and say, "Oh, I could just bend that myself with no problem."  It has to be so tough that no one would be able to say that later.  There has to be enough of it to have several pieces for each participant.  Furthermore, each participant is encouraged to bend each piece by twisting it up as much as possible, as that later makes the piece much more convincing, even to one's self.

In the spoon bending where I participated, there were at least thirty people sitting around in a large circle.  Before we got started, they had all of us examine the silverware to see for ourselves that it would be extremely difficult to bend it, much less twist it up in circles.  Then each person was to choose several pieces to keep with him which he would try to bend.

Directions are given to participants that it will take a few minutes before spoons start bending--usually about five to ten minutes into the exercise for experienced benders, and twenty-to-thirty minutes for novices.  Participants are instructed to try to imagine and feel the white light and healing energy of God coming down through the crown of their head, into their body, in fact to try to pull in that energy, and send it out through the arm which is holding the spoon.  The spoon should be held lightly between the thumb and first two fingers, at its narrowest part.  While concentrating as instructed, participants should rub the narrow part of the spoon  delicately, back and forth, between the thumb and forefingers. 

Experienced benders will soon find the spoon becoming soft (it becomes softest first at its narrowest point), and as they feel it happening, they can grab the bowl of the spoon with their other hand, and very easily twist up the spoon, almost like butter.  Novice benders will see others twisting up spoons and other silverware, all the while wondering if it will work for them.  Before it happens, the place which will bend begins to warm.  It warms a little more than would be expected by ordinary rubbing and light handling.  Experienced benders tell novices that when they feel that happening, they should quickly try to bend it up with their other hand.  If it doesn't bend immediately and quickly, participants should go back to holding, rubbing lightly, and concentrating on the power of God.  Each time they feel it might bend, they are to try again.

I was skeptical that spoon bending would work for me.  But I was interested and eager to see if it would work for others.  I listened to the instructions, and chose my pieces of silverware.  Sitting in a circle of chairs, it was easy to see what others were doing, and what results they had.  After about ten minutes, I started to see others being successful.  After about twenty minutes, people right next to me were successful.  I continued to concentrate, and I tried checking my piece several times to see if it was ready to bend.  It wasn't.  And then suddenly, it was!  I twisted a really strong fork around by a three-quarter turn, about 290 degrees.   It wasn't like butter, but it did twist quickly and easily.  The resistance felt about like twisting a piece of paperclip wire.   I picked up a spoon.  In another ten minutes, I was able to twist it one-and-a-half times around, about 540 degrees.  In a one-hour bending, I was able to successfully twist two pieces, a fork and a spoon.  I didn't try a thick table knife as a novice.  I was amazed, and really pleased, that it had worked for me.  I wanted to show the pieces to all my friends.  Even now, years later, whenever I started to think that maybe I could have bent the pieces on my own,  I pick up the pieces and feel them.  I try to bend them, and they are really, solidly bent into place, completely unmovable.  Each time, I feel entirely reassured.

Shortly after this, my life changed course, and I moved to Morocco .  I never had chance to attend another spoon bending.  But sometimes I still carry around my pieces as conversation starters!   

What light through yonder window breaks?

I'm not a UFO buff, but this story out of Stratford-on-Avon is interesting. (Also see the video footage linked to the article.)

Three skeptical explanations have been offered: fireworks, hot air balloons, and floating lanterns. The fireworks theory is clearly wrong; as the shaky cell-phone footage makes clear, the lights stayed in formation for an extended period of time. Hot air balloons seem doubtful, since multiple witnesses reported the lights maneuvering in complicated ways; besides, if a bunch of balloonists were flying around at night, wouldn't someone know about it?

That leaves the lanterns. Apparently a local rugby team had floating lanterns on display, and some of them had broken loose. One witness said,

It was weird, they way they moved did look alien. Some people reckon they're fireworks but they were lit up in the sky for far too long, the local rugby club say they were lanterns that blew loose over the weekend but these objects were far too fast and too high up.

Hard to know what to make of this. How does he know that the objects were "too high up"? It's almost impossible to judge the altitude of a light in the sky. If the objects were closer to the ground than he believed, then perhaps they were not moving quite so fast, after all.

I guess I'm inclined to go with the lanterns as an explanation ... though I wonder why they remained in formation for so long.

Of course, the other possibility is that some ETs are Shakespeare fans, and decided to drop by the Bard's hometown. Someone should tell them to read this book.

But that's a whole other contr0versy.

Touched by an angel

The tabloid press will undoubtedly go to town over Norwegian princess Martha Louise's recent announcement that she is clairvoyant and communicates with angels.

Personally, I think it takes a certain amount of courage for a highly visible public figure to stand up and make such a claim. Of course, I have no idea if she has genuine psi abilities or is merely deluding herself.  The media could make an effort to find out, but they are probably more interested in trashing her.

The above-linked article, for instance, includes this bit of snark:

'It was while I dealt with horses that I first got in touch with angels,' added the Princess, somewhat ambiguously.

All the reporter in question had to do was read Martha Louise's online statement to get the context for this supposedly "ambiguous" remark. As another article reports,

On the [Astarte school] website, the 35-year-old princess, keen on alternative therapies, explains how she already "as a small child" discovered that she had the gift of decoding the inner feelings of people she met.

"I learnt how to systematise my impressions and to read other (people's minds), and through the horses I learnt to communicate with the animals on a deeper level," she said.

"It was while I was taking care of the horses that I got in contact with the angels. I have lately understood the value of this important gift and I wish to share it with other people, maybe with you," she said.

The Astarte school offers every student to get in contact with their angels, described as "forces that surround us and who are a resource and help in all the aspects of our lives," through alternative therapies as hands-on treatment and healing.

Whatever the princess's actual abilities and motives, a case can be made for the existence of guardian angels, as Pierre Jovanovic's book on the subject makes clear. Jovanovic is an investigative reporter who became interested in this arcane subject after a life-changing event. As Library Journal's reviewer put it,

While traveling by car in California, the author, a journalist, felt compelled to move himself to the side of the car seconds before a bullet came through the windshield, just missing his head. What compelled him to move was a question that has nagged at him since. This work is the result of his efforts to answer that question and to determine whether there are supernatural forces working to protect and assist humans. Jovanovic proceeds by interviewing people, studying reports of sightings and near-death experiences, and analyzing a diverse set of mystical and religious writings, from Julian of Norwich and Joan of Arc to Raymond Moody. Jovanovic concludes that guardian angels do exist. His work is an investigative study written in an analytical style, which may put off some readers of more popularly written angel books.

Of course it's quite possible that what we call "angels" are actually expressions of our Higher Self, which we interpret as separate beings. Or, if there is such a thing as a "group soul," these so-called angels may be other entities that are part of our larger collective consciousness.

I read Jovanovic's book because I had two automobile-related incidents in my own life that intrigued me. In one case, I was sitting at a stoplight when the light turned green. Instead of immediately accelerating as I would normally do, I hesitated for no clear reason. Just then, a car whipped around a blind curve and sped through the intersection, running the red light. If I had driven forward, I would have been blindsided. I do not believe I could have subliminally seen or heard the approaching car.

In the second instance, I was driving on a twisting mountain road when I suddenly had the impulse to cut onto a residential side street. I had never taken any side streets in this neighborhood before, even though I drove the route nearly every day. When I attempted to get back on the main road, my car died. It turned out to have a bad alternator. If I had not turned down the side street, the car would have died on the main road and probably would have been dangerously exposed on one of the many blind curves. As it was, the car died in the safest possible location, a side street that was free of traffic. The car was not behaving strangely before it died, and I had no conscious intimation that anything was wrong.

These incidents are by no means as dramatic as Jovanovic's, but they do serve as an indication that talking to "angels" - and more important, listening to them - can be very worthwhile.

Q & A

Here's a pretend interview that I did with myself - admittedly a rather onanistic exercise. But it seemed like the right format for this topic.

I would have called it "Frequently Asked Questions," but the truth is I don't get asked these questions very frequently, if at all.

----

You said in a recent post that you are 80% convinced of life after death. I assume this means you aren't really sure.

When I wrote that post, I was trying to think as scientifically and objectively as possible. I think that, from a strictly scientific standpoint, you cannot say that the evidence for life after death is 100% conclusive. There are alternative interpretations or explanations that have been offered both by skeptics and parapsychologists. I think the evidence is highly suggestive, and I think there are various lines of evidence that all converge on the same general conclusion -- that there is life after death -- but I don't think you can properly say the evidence compels you to that conclusion. There is still room for doubt, if you look at the matter from a strictly objective standpoint.

Is there any other way of looking at it?

Yes, absolutely. Most of the decisions that we make in our life are not made on the basis of 100% certainty or conclusive evidence or anything approaching rigorous scientific results. For instance, I chose to pursue the career of a fiction writer even though I didn't have 100% certainty that I would have any success at it. As has often been remarked, you can't prove in any scientific way that you love your wife or children or that you have good taste in art or music. Almost all the choices and decisions we make in our everyday life are made on the basis of something less than 100% certainty. We have to make a commitment, a leap of faith or trust, but ordinarily we do so on the basis of at least some evidence that our leap of faith is justified. For instance, when I chose to pursue a writing career, I did so because I always done very well in creative writing courses and had been told by many different people that I had talent as a writer, and because I enjoyed it. This was by no means conclusive proof that I would have any success has a commercial writer, but at least it gave me some reasonable basis to commit to this career.

So you're saying that there's a difference between scientific certainty and personal commitment?

There certainly is. It is entirely reasonable to say that a belief in an afterlife, or for that matter a belief in God, is justifiable based on the available evidence. That is not to say that such belief is incontrovertible. It requires a personal commitment, but it's a commitment based on the available facts and evidence.

Are you saying, then, that you do believe in an afterlife as a matter of personal commitment?

Yes, that's what I'm saying. I think the evidence is sufficient to justify such a belief, and it's the belief that makes the most sense to me and that seems to address the evidence most adequately. I don't say that it's the only possible conclusion a person can draw from the evidence, but for me, it's the most logical conclusion. And also that, as unscientific as it may sound, it's the conclusion that "feels right" to me.

What about a belief in God?

I would give the same answer. The so-called "cosmic coincidences" that brought about our habitable universe, the complexity of life, the encoded information in the nucleus of every living cell, and the moral values that almost all societies accept -- all of that suggests to me that there is a higher intelligence and purpose at work in the universe. Again, it's not something that can be proven in an absolutist sense. But it is, in my opinion, a reasonable inference to draw from the available evidence.

Then you're saying that someone who doesn't believe in God or an afterlife is being unreasonable?

No, I'm not saying that. I think the evidence is highly suggestive and points in that direction but it's not dispositive. For that reason, it's possible for reasonable people to differ about what inferences they draw. It really does come down to personal commitment. Some people are simply not going to make a personal commitment to anything that smacks of spiritualism. That doesn't mean they're bad people. It just means they don't follow the evidence to the same conclusion that I do.

But if it's just a personal commitment on your part, basically it's purely subjective, right?

I would say that the evidence is objective and the inferences that I draw from the evidence are logically defensible. But the ultimate decision to interpret the evidence as supporting life after death or the existence of God is, to some extent, subjective. That's because it's based on your own personal temperament and outlook. There are some people who simply cannot accept the idea of God -- perhaps because they were subjected to an abusive upbringing in a religious household. It's entirely reasonable for them to preserve their own self-esteem by rejecting an idea that they associate with abuse. A lot of people carry a lot of baggage where the idea of God or an immortal soul is concerned. What people are prepared to accept or believe often depends on their own personal background and experiences. And that's true of me, too, of course. The idea that any of us can be totally objective when it comes to such deeply personal issues is, in my opinion, erroneous. All of us have biases and predispositions of one sort or another involving issues of the ultimate meaning of life.

Some people would say that you should never accept any idea unless it can be proven scientifically.

I suspect that most of the people who say this are not scientists or even particularly well-versed in the theory of science. Because if you look at the theory of science, it becomes clear that absolute certainty is rarely achieved. Most scientific conclusions are couched in degrees of probability. Any theory can be modified by new discoveries. For instance, Newton's laws of motion stood the test of time for so long that many people thought they were the last word in physics. But then quantum physics came along, and Newton's laws had to be relegated to a subset of the new physics. Newton's laws were not invalidated, but they are no longer seen as the final word or the whole story. And it is quite possible that quantum mechanics will not be seen as the final word, either. Absolute certainty, in the sense of a final, unquestionable, never-to-be-changed answer, is really not what science is about. And, what is more important, it's not what life is about. Because the scientific method, no matter how useful it may be, is not the be-all and end-all of human existence. There are many aspects of human existence that fall outside the purview of the scientific method. Actually, almost all of the things that most people regard as personally important fall outside the realm of scientific testing or scientific proof. How can you scientifically validate somebody's sense of humor, or commitment to his job, or commitment to his loved ones, or artistic tastes, or entertainment preferences, or moral convictions, or political views, or basic temperament? Most of the things that are most important to us as human beings cannot be tested in a laboratory.

It sounds as if you're against science.

I'm not against it; I just think that it is less universally applicable than its more enthusiastic adherents may believe. Science is a method, and a very useful method, but not the only method for exploring life, and probably not even the most efficacious method when dealing with everyday, personal problems and concerns. You can't decide whether or not to stay married or get a divorce based on any kind of scientific methodology. You can't decide whether to quit your job and start your own business based on the scientific method. Most of the things that we have to confront in our daily lives require personal commitment, gut feeling, a leap of faith -- all things that are at least formally omitted from the scientific method (though they are undoubtedly part of the actual working approach of scientists themselves) .

Getting back to the afterlife, are you saying that from a scientific standpoint you are only 80% convinced, but from a personal standpoint or 100% convinced?

I would say that being convinced is not really the issue when it comes to a personal standpoint. Conviction is different from faith. I have a strong sense of faith or trust -- trust is probably a better word -- that there is an afterlife, but this is not a rational conviction in the strict sense of the term, because it cannot be logically proven. There is enough evidence to support it as a viable hypothesis, but to go beyond viewing it as a hypothesis and to accept it as a personal viewpoint requires an act of trust.

And where does that trust come from?

It comes from the overwhelming impression that the universe ultimately makes sense and exists for a purpose and that a human life would be lacking purpose if it exists only for a brief span of years and is then extinguished. When I look at the total body of evidence for a spiritualistic worldview, I believe that I'm justified in trusting in a higher purpose and a higher meaning to existence, which transcends the physical. Other people are free to disagree. I'm just stating my own personal feeling based on my own reading and studying over the past ten years, as well as some personal experiences of my own.

So, just to be clear on this, the bottom line is that you do think you will personally survive death?

I believe so, yes. And if I'm wrong, I suppose I'll never know it!

Missing brains, Little Nell, and another reason to hate air travel

There are some famous stories about doctors who've discovered that patients with remarkably reduced cranial matter are still able to live more or less normal lives.

Here's a brand new one, from Der Spiegel. Check out the amazing photo of the patient's largely empty skull.

(Hat tip: Ace of Spades.)

---

Harry Potter mania has crossed the threshold from mildly amusing to downright annoying. Just release the damn book already. I couldn't care less about it, and I'm tired of hearing about it. Almost as tired as I am of hearing about the Beckhams - another British import I could live without.

Today someone who inadvertently received a copy of the Potter book ahead of time was forced to give it back.

There hasn't been this much hysteria about a work of fiction since the last installment of Dickens' serialized novel The Old Curiosity Shop was unloaded on the New York docks, where crowds of anxious readers had gathered to learn if Little Nell would live or die.*

Jeez.

---

And in scary news, a surface-to-air missile launcher was found abandoned near Newark Airport. It appears to have been fired once.

My best guess: someone fired at a low-flying plane and missed, then ran off and left the now-useless launcher behind.

(Hat tip: Drudge, for both items.)

---

*SPOILER:   

....

....  she dies.  

Where there's a will ...

Here are two excerpts from Paul Beard's 1966 book Survival of Death.

The first one, in addition to being a very interesting case in its own right, further complicates the already knotty question of whether spirit controls used by mediums are real entities or just part of the medium's subconscious. This case involves Phinuit (pronounced fin-wee), the control used by Leonora Piper of Boston.

The M.N. case

M.N. visited Mrs. Piper in March, 1888. He was told by Phinuit that a near relative would die in about six weeks' time, and that pecuniary advantage would result to him. Subsequently Mrs. Piper, in a sitting, told M.N.'s fiancée that it was M.N.'s father who would die.

The father died in mid-May vary suddenly from heart failure, a few hours after his doctor had pronounced him out of danger.

Previously Phinuit had said he would try to influence the father about matters connected with his will.

Two days after M.N., in America, had received a cable announcing the death in England, Phinuit spoke of his father's arrival in the spirit world, and said he had tried to persuade him whilst sick. Phinuit stated the nature of the will, and described the principal executor who, he said, would make a disposition in favor of M.N., subject to the consent of two other executors, when M.N. went to London from America. This proved correct.

M.N.'s sister, at her father's bedside during the last three days of his life, said he had repeatedly complained of the presence of an old man at the foot of his bed, who annoyed him by discussing his private affairs.

[Page 113, Survival of Death, Paul Beard. (1966); this material summarized from Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research, Volume 8, p. 120.]

The second excerpt offers Beard's general thoughts on mental mediumship and the problems associated with it.

It is impossible to understand mediumship without appreciation that it can move between a number of different and rapidly shifting levels of consciousness; the medium may range over a number of levels of insight during the course of a single sitting.

One key to many of the problems of mediumship thus almost certainly lies in medium and researcher alike learning to distinguish the level at which the medium's mind is working from moment to moment. The medium, if trained in Spiritualist circles, usually passes on immediately whatever she finds herself reflecting from minute to minute, however surprising it may seem, because she has learned from experience that totally unexpected items sometimes produce the best evidence. This unquestioning attitude, however, makes it harder for her to distinguish the value of her material when she is not working at her best; then matter may intrude itself from other levels of consciousness without her recognising its source, perhaps from the mind of the sitter, or from the medium's own normal mind; or impulses from some invading communicator may temporarily overlay or supersede those of the communicator with whom she has until that moment been in touch; if so, it is obvious that confusion will arise until the medium recovers her insight at its original level. These are the peculiar difficulties of the messenger type of mediumship.

[p. 109]

Hitting the links

Two sites worth checking out:

George Hansen, author of The Trickster and the Paranormal, has a new blog. His first post deals with the difficulties encountered by parapsychologists who seek acceptance from the mainstream scientific community.

Michael Tymn's excellent blog features a new post on an NDE reported by F.W.H. Myers in his 1903 book Human Personality and Its Survival of Bodily Death. What's so interesting about this NDE, besides its vividness, is that it closely matches more recent reports. Skeptics who say that NDE reports are merely copycat tales inspired by Raymond Moody's 1975 book Life After Life would have a hard time applying that argument to a story that was in print in 1903.

(They would also have  a hard time applying it to Hieronymus Bosch's painting Ascent to the Empyrean, dating from the 16th century.) 

Pilot study

Here's an interesting account of a near-death experience that occurred in 1973. The case was originally reported by Michael Sabom, a cardiologist, in his 1982 book Recollections of Death. The material that follows is an excerpt from Patrick Glynn's book God: The Evidence, which neatly summarizes Sabom's findings and includes a discussion of a skeptical rebuttal.

---------------------------

From God: The Evidence:

In yet another case, a retired Air Force pilot who had suffered a massive heart attack in a hospital cardiac care unit described drifting out of his body to an indeterminate point near the foot of the bed. He watched with almost detached interest as the medical team frantically worked to revive him. He recounted the process in rich detail, even correctly describing the operation of the meter on the heart defibrillator -- a detail he could not possibly have seen from where he lay incapacitated, with eyes closed, heart stopped, in bed. Here is an excerpt from Sabom's interview:

... S: Do you remember any of the other details that went on in the room?

A: I remember them pulling over the cart, the defibrillator, the thing with paddles on it. I remember they asked for so many watt-seconds or something on the thing, and they gave me a jolt with it.

S: Did you notice any of the details of the machine itself or the cart it was sitting on?

A: I remember it had a meter on the face. I assume it read the voltage, or current, or watt-seconds, or whatever they program the thing for.

S: Did you notice how the meter looked?

A: It was square and had two needles on there, one fixed and one which moved.

S: How did it move?

A: It seemed to come up rather slowly, really. I didn't just pop up like an ammeter or a voltmeter or something registering.

S: How far up did it go?

A: The first time it went between one-third and one-half scale. And then they did it again, and this time it went up over one-half scale, and the third time it was about three-quarters.

S: What was the relationship between the moving needle and the fixed needle?

A: I think the first needle moved each time they punched the thing when somebody was messing with it. And I think they moved the fixed needle and it stayed still while the other one moved up ...

Note that at the time the man reported impassively observing the movement of the defibrillator needles his heart was stopped -- hence the need for the three charges of the machine and the three "jolts."

S: Had you seen a resuscitation before?

A: No. I never had.

S: Had you watched it on a TV program?

A: I don't recall ever having seen it on TV.

S: Had you ever watched or seen this defibrillator work before?

A: Never.

The account includes many other details. But most revealing was the description of the defibrillator and meter. Sabom explains:

I was particularly fascinated by his description of a "fixed" needle and a "moving" needle on the face of the defibrillator as it was being charged with electricity. The movement of these two needles is not something he could have observed unless he had actually seen this instrument in use. These two needles are individually used (1) to preselect the amount of electricity to be delivered to the patient ("they moved the fixed needle and it stayed still") and (2) to indicate that the defibrillator is being charged to the preselected amount -- "[the moving needle] seemed to come up rather slowly, really. It didn't just pop up like an ammeter or voltmeter or something registering." This charging procedure is only performed immediately prior to defibrillation, since once charged, this machine poses a serious electrical hazard unless it is correctly discharged in a very specific manner. Moreover, the meters of the type described by this man are not found on more recent defibrillator models, but were in common use in 1973, at the time of his cardiac arrest.

... [In her book Dying to Live, skeptic Susan] Blackmore takes up the case, noting that it was impossible to establish from medical records precisely what type of defibrillator was used:

From these records we have no knowledge of just what kind of apparatus was used, whether the needles did move in exactly this way at the right time and so on....

Well, perhaps. But the fact that the man presented a remarkably technically correct picture of the meter operation on the type of apparatus that was commonly in use at the time of his cardiac arrest is a bit surprising. Blackmore goes on to offer an alternative explanation:

We also have no clear idea of how much the man could have learned later, recovering in hospital or after he left. He might have been told more about the procedure afterwards. He might have become more interested in cardiac resuscitation after his own close brush with death and paid particular attention to books, television programmes, or films about it....

There are a lot of "might haves" here. But that is not the only reason why this line of analysis breaks down. First, Sabom closely questioned the man to determine if he could have gleaned the information from another source -- a relevant detail, incidentally, that Blackmore fails to share with her readers... According to Sabom, the man "flatly denied having seen this CPR procedure, including the movement of the needles on the defibrillator, at any other time."...

Second, as Sabom points out, the only time that the man could have observed the needles operating in such a way would have been at close quarters during an actual resuscitation. For safety reasons, the defibrillator is charged only when it is about to be used. The idea that casual knowledge gleaned about the procedure from other sources could have added up to a "false memory" of the needles moving in precisely the fashion they are supposed to move does not seem plausible. Finally, what reason do we have for discounting the man's own account of how he gained access to this highly technical information? There was no motive for lying (Sabom did not reward patients for sharing these accounts). On balance, one would have to say that Sabom's analysis of the data is less prejudicial than Blackmore's -- which appears to be driven by an a priori conviction that something like this simply couldn't be true.

[Patrick Glynn, God: The Evidence, pages 109-116, quoting Michael B. Sabom, Recollections of Death: A Medical Investigation, pages 100-103, and Susan Blackmore, Dying to Live, pages 118, 119. ]

Who will watch the watchers? (part 5)

In a lengthy article debunking NDEs, Keith Augustine recounts the Maria case and the efforts of Beyerstein, Ebbern, and Mulligan to discredit it. Augustine accurately summarizes the Skeptical Inquirer piece and accepts the authors' conclusions without raising any questions about their methodology or biases. Indeed, he seems unaware of any biases.

"The [Maria] case has taken on the status of something of an urban legend," he writes. I'm not sure what this means; unlike an urban legend, the Maria case is not an anonymous anecdote but a specific story reported in print by one of the participants. This doesn't make it true, but it does raise it above the level of modern folklore about kidney thieves or escaped murderers with a hook for a hand.

Augustine apparently does not notice any of the implausibilities and logical inconsistencies in the skeptical scenarios laid out by Beyerstein et al. Nor does he mention the fact that the two investigators in the case were untrained college students.

A brief item posted by the Cincinnati Skeptics also endorses the SI article's conclusions:

Investigators have closely examined the claims made in the "Maria" case. They have found them to be invalid. It does not support NDE claims.

Again, no mention of the fact that the "investigators" were a graduate student in biology and an undergraduate student majoring in psychology.

In their debunking zeal, the Cincinnati Skeptics make an error of fact, saying that Maria "could have unconsciously heard about the oddly placed shoe or seen it on the ledge from inside the room." No, she could not have seen it on the ledge from inside the room she occupied. Even the SI article doesn't make this claim. The shoe was nowhere near her room.

I'd hoped to look at more uses of the SI article, but several Google searches for the relevant terms didn't turn up any other examples. 

Summing up, I'd like to repeat what I said at the start of this series. I don't claim to know what happened in Seattle in 1977. I haven't visited the Harborview Medical Center. I don't know how trustworthy Kimberly Clark may be. Two readers posted comments on an earlier thread suggesting , on the basis of her book After the Light, that she may not be a very reliable witness. I haven't read this book, but Bruce Greyson, in a generally favorable review, notes that it "contains plenty of woo-woo experiences." His summary of the contents certainly bears out this statement. Either Clark has a remarkable ability to attract psi phenomena, or she has a vivid imagination.

In any event, my purpose in writing this analysis was simply to subject a skeptical account of an NDE to the same kind of skepticism that the authors themselves advocate. There seems to be a double standard in the world of organized skepticism. A skeptic can freely indulge in speculation, tossing around "could have" and "may have" and "it is possible," without providing any evidence that any such thing actually took place. A skeptic can impugn the motives, honesty, and mental stability of his opponents. A skeptic can rely on the fieldwork of untrained students. A skeptic can spin contradictory scenarios, offering first one "explanation," then another and another, with no attempt to determine if any of these stories is true or even plausible. A skeptic can draw momentous conclusions from the recreation of an event that took place seventeen years earlier, even though the recreation is quite possibly flawed.

A skeptic can do all these things and more, but if a parapsychologist were to employ similar tactics, there would be hell to pay.  Skeptics routinely nitpick the writings of parapsychologists, looking for any real or imagined error, no matter how trivial, and eagerly pointing out any supposedly unjustified claim or unwarranted logical leap. They don't seem to apply the same rigorous standards to the evaluation of their own writings. These are accepted uncritically, almost as Holy Writ. And psi proponents, all too often, seem willing to accept this double standard.

Maybe it's time to put the shoe on the other foot.